Virus and it's types

Understanding Computer Viruses: Types, Behavior, and Protection

In the world of cybersecurity, viruses remain one of the most common and dangerous types of malware. They are designed to cause disruption, steal data, or damage systems. In this article, we'll explore what viruses are, how they spread, and the different types you should know about.

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What is a Virus?

A virus is a malicious program that behaves abnormally within your system. Its main function is to self-replicate and attach itself to files—often executable files like .exe. Once an infected file is installed on another machine, the virus begins to copy itself and infect more files, spreading across the system.

To protect your machine from viruses, it's essential to perform regular antivirus scans and ensure your antivirus software is always updated. Outdated antivirus tools make it easier for attackers to breach your system, as malware authors constantly develop new methods to bypass security tools.

Types of Viruses

1. Boot Sector Virus

This type of virus targets the Master Boot Record (MBR) of your system. It gets activated as soon as the computer boots up, which makes it particularly dangerous. Since it operates at the start of the boot process, it can disrupt system loading and compromise the machine entirely.

2. Program Virus

These viruses become active when you run infected program files such as .EXE, .BIN, or .DLL files. Once triggered, they replicate and spread throughout your system, infecting other programs and files.

3. Multipartite Virus

A hybrid virus that combines traits of both boot sector and program viruses. It has the ability to infect system startup files as well as program files, making it harder to remove.

4. Stealth Virus

A stealth virus attempts to hide from antivirus detection by disguising its location and altering system information. It may even temporarily remove itself from memory to avoid detection.

5. Polymorphic Virus

This virus changes its binary code or signature every time it infects a new file. Like a chameleon, it evolves constantly, making it hard for traditional antivirus software to detect.

6. Macro Virus

Macro viruses are embedded in documents—commonly found in Microsoft Word or Excel files. When the document is opened, the virus executes and can infect other documents, corrupting data and making files unreadable.

How to Identify a Virus Infection

• Your system runs slowly or crashes frequently.
• Files are being altered, deleted, or corrupted.
• Programs behave abnormally or fail to open.
• New files or programs appear without your knowledge.
• You're unable to access certain data or applications.

Best Practices for Protection

• Install a reputable antivirus solution and keep it updated.
• Run regular system scans to detect and remove threats.
• Avoid opening email attachments or links from unknown sources.
• Keep your operating system and software up to date with the latest security patches.
• Back up your important data regularly to prevent loss from infections.

Staying informed and practicing good digital hygiene are your best defenses against computer viruses. Stay safe and secure!